Trichomoniasis causes an irritating discharge with associated vulvitis and vaginitis. The discharge is usually profuse, malodorous and often frothy. Vaginal pH is >4.5. Microscopic ulceration may be present on the cervix ('strawberry cervix'). Females may be asymptomatic, and males are usually (75%) asymptomatic. Chronic infection may be present with itch and dyspareunia (pain on sexual intercourse).
Unlike other STIs, there is also a higher prevalence in older women in areas where trichomonas infection is prevalent and women can remain infected for some years if not treated.
Trichomoniasis is associated with premature rupture of membranes, low birth weight delivery and premature labour, as well as increased risk of HIV transmission. It can also be associated with other inflammatory conditions such as candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis.
Infected neonates can present with fever, respiratory problems, UTI, nasal discharge, and vaginal discharge.
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